[#BloombergLP-bdlc-PackedIntArray-0b-back] = xref:BloombergLP.adoc[BloombergLP]::xref:BloombergLP/bdlc.adoc[bdlc]::xref:BloombergLP/bdlc/PackedIntArray-0b.adoc[PackedIntArray]::back :relfileprefix: ../../../ :mrdocs: Return the value of the element at the back of this array. The behavior is undefined unless `0 < length()`. Note that this function is logically equivalent to: ` operator ‐ 1) ` == Synopsis Declared in `<bdlc_packedintarray.h>` [source,cpp,subs="verbatim,replacements,macros,-callouts"] ---- TYPE back() const; ---- [.small]#Created with https://www.mrdocs.com[MrDocs]#